FINAL+EXAM

Carolingians or Charleses: pippin 2 then Charles Martel meaning Charles the hammer. Charles Martel originally called Charles the bastard. Then Peppin the short. Then Charlemagne or Charles the great, real name Karl de grosse. Then Louis the pious. Then his kids Charles the bald and lothar. Lothar and Charles the bald sign treaty of verdun to split the empire up into Burgundy, Germany, and France.

IslamISLAM review

The Vikings Important Vikings: Eric the red and Leif ericson. Important because they sailed to Greenland, Iceland, and Vinland(north America).

Hungary: named hungary because Magyars invading Europe from east and people think these guys are the Huns, even though they weren't

Crusades=terrible idea from Christians. Never should have happened. Christians lose all of them to the Muslims. CRUSADES
 * first crusade: started by Urban II after the council of clermont. In the crusades, the popes wanted to show off their powerknight church wanted people to stop fighting each other and help their Christian friends, the actual crusaders wanted wealth/opportunity. After the people's crusade, the actuastormy went to Constantinople and there was a cultur clash between the snobbyByzantines and the barbaric franks. They seized Antioch but the Byzantines gave up right before (franks kept Antioch for themselves).
 * Second crusade: the French king and the holy roman emperor are both trying to prove that they have more power. The overall goal of this crusade was to take edessa back, but they end up attacking Byzantines because they learn that the Byzantines had signed a treaty with a local Muslim kingdom.
 * Third crusade: (Richard thelionhearted) took over some land but did not manage to capturJerusalem.
 * Fourth crusade: the crusaders get sucked in to the civil war in Constantinople and never make it to the holy land.
 * Other crusades: children's crusade, and others after that that were not as significant/successful.
 * Effects of crusades: some cultural diffusion, wake up call that prepares Muslims for the Mongols, popes lose power, both the franks/holy roman empire and the Byzantines are weakens, feudal kings become more powerful, trade in cities increases (mostly in Italy)

William the conquerer: takes over England and kills Harold. Sets up the sheriff. Tells people they can pay a tax called a scutage or send soldiers. Everyone pays a tax and now William can get soldiers directly loyal to him. King of Normandy and descendant of the Vikings. His men were descendants of the Vikings too.

Magna Carta: literally great charter. A very important document for the British and later for the world. it gave the nobles rights and stopped king John from having all the power. Parliament is based off of this. If it weren't for the Magna carta the constitution and other power restricting and right giving documents probably wouldn't have been written. The Magna Carta also started the idea of no taxation without representationwhich became popular/important in the US, and also came up with the idea of a jury and having a group commoners decide if you are guilty or innocent.

Justinian: tried to take back land for roman empire. Trying to reunify the roman empire. Fails. Greatest Byzantine emperor

Can someone help me out with this please! I should not be the only one posting things! I helped you Keith

Genghis Khan:first leader of the Mongols. Called the Great Khan. An absolutely brutal person.

Possible essays: Possible short answer questions
 * What is a religion? Is it just a political strategy or a philosophical belief system? Do religions cause unity or separation (examples?)?
 * Describe the role of religion in medieval China, medieval Europe, the Mongolian empire, and the Islamic empire (and other Islamic kingdoms)... How big was religion's role in these governments?
 * Which of the medieval civilizationswhat we studied was the most successful and why? Or were they all equally successful?
 * Who were the rises and falls of medieval civilizations similar/different? What are the major themes in the reasons for a civilization's fall?..
 * Why was medieval china able to recover so quickly after the fall of Han compared to Europe after the fall of Rome?
 * Describe the impact barbarian/nomadic groups had on medieval civilizations... Was this a good or bad thing?
 * Explain the significance of cultural diffusion through trade, and how did it help shape medieval society?
 * Did the Mongols have a good or bad effect on the medieval world?
 * Why did the Abbasid caliphate end?
 * What is the significance of trade (along the silk road and Indian ocean) on the medieval world and how did it impact technological advancements, cultural diffusion, travel... Etc.
 * How big was Christianity's role in medieval Europe?
 * Describe the feudalist system, why it became popular, and why it ended.
 * What are the main ideas that we get from the Magna Carta, how did they impact medeival Europe, and how did they impact the modern world?
 * What led to the Christian schism?
 * Which religion was the most successful in the medieval world?
 * Which medieval Chinese dynasty had the biggest impact on the world/ was the most successful?
 * What was the significance of the bourgeoisie and how did it impact the modern world?
 * What were the effects of the crusades?

Describe the importance of the silk road. Why was it important?

What effect did the donation of Constantine have on Europe?

Describe the Crusades from the Christians' point of view.

All around were the Mongols good or bad for history?

Heresies: ideas or practices against the church. If you did these in the late middle ages you would be hanged or burned.